Police say the man, 27, used threats, coercion and deception to force his wife and two-month-old girl to leave against the woman's will in March.
He then allegedly tried to cancel his India-born wife's Australian visa.
The man faced a Sydney court on Tuesday on three charges, including human trafficking and forgery of documents.
"It is a disturbing case where we see a victim and their young child transported from Australia to a foreign jurisdiction without any means for them to return home," said Australian Federal Police Supt Dan Evans.