Shyam Acharya is accused of stealing a doctor's name and qualifications in India before moving to Australia.
He used the credentials to work in local hospitals between 2003 and 2014, New South Wales (NSW) Health said. He also became an Australian citizen.
Mr Acharya was never the individual subject of a complaint.
He is facing a fine of up to A$30,000 (£18,600; $18,700) but is likely to have left Australia, said NSW Health Minister Brad Hazzard on Wednesday.
