Russia's communications regulator Roskomnadzor said LinkedIn would be unavailable in the country within 24 hours.
Some internet providers have already cut access to the site, which has more than six million members in Russia.
LinkedIn told the BBC it hoped to meet Roskomnadzor to discuss the block.
In 2014, Russia introduced legislation requiring social networks to store the personal data of Russian citizens on Russian web servers.
It is the first time the law has been enforced against a US-based social network.