U.S. markets, as of Monday's close:
The Dow Jones industrial average: down 10.3 percent in August, and down 11 percent in 2015.
The Standard & Poor's 500 index: down 10 percent this month, and down 8.1 percent this year.
The Nasdaq composite: down 11.7 percent this month, and down 4.4 percent this year.
Europe: