Pope Francis has celebrated a late-night Christmas Mass at the Vatican amid heavy security.
The head of the Catholic Church denounced the continuing suffering of children.
He mentioned those who faced hunger, danger on migration routes and bombing in Syrian cities such as Aleppo.
Those taking part in the service inside St Peter's Basilica had to pass through metal detectors.
BBC Vatican correspondent David Willey described what he called a sense of insecurity at the Mass following recent terror attacks in Europe.BBC Vatican correspondent David Willey described what he called a sense of insecurity at the Mass following recent terror attacks in Europe.
BBC Vatican correspondent David Willey described what he called a sense of insecurity at the Mass following recent terror attacks in Europe.
Saturday's Mass celebrating the birth of Jesus is the first major event of the Christmas season for the Pope, which will include his noon blessing on Christmas.
During the service, he said Christmas had been "taken hostage" by materialism, and that the season needed more humility.
Throughout the past year, the Pope has urged compassion towards refugees, urging Christians to remember that Jesus himself was a migrant.